Enumeratio
-
Beneath
the jargon, cautious phrases and
academic courtesies, one thing was clear: the consensus about social
constructs was unraveling.
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Most
scientists are thoughtful,
liberal-minded and socially aware people.
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The shapes of our eyes, noses and
skulls; the color of our eyes and our hair; the heaviness, height and hairiness
of our bodies are
all, individually, poor guides to ancestry.
-
Certain
skin colors tend to go with certain
kinds of eyes, noses, skulls and bodies.
-
[…]
all it takes is a mouth swab, a postage
stamp and $400—though prices will certainly fall.
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To
navigate it, you need a map with
elevations, contour lines and reference grids.
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We
do not know why some people have prominent
rather than flat noses, round rather than pointed skulls, wide rather than
narrow faces, straight rather than curly hair.
-
But
through it, we may be able to write the genetic recipe for the fair hair of a Norwegian, the black-verging-on-purple skin of a
Solomon Islander, the flat face of an Inuit, and the curved eyelid of a Han
Chinese.
-
They
will remain visible in the unusually
dark skin of some Indonesians, the unusually curly hair of some Sri Lankans,
the unusually slight frames of some Filipinos.
Distinctio
-
At
a smaller scale, three million Basques do as well; so they are a race as well. Race is merely a shorthand that
enables us to speak sensibly […].
-
When
The Times of India article referred to the Andaman Islanders as being of
ancient Negrito racial stock, the
terminology was correct. Negrito is the
name given by anthropologists to a people who once lived throughout
Southeast Asia.
Straw Men and Their Followers: The return of biological race by Evelynn M. Hammonds
Enumeratio
-
A number of evolutionary biologists,
geneticists, biological anthropologists and medical researchers have recently challenged the view […].
-
[…]
that human beings can be lumped together in groups by skin color, hair type, eye shape and color, head shape and
body type.
-
This
is in many ways a familiar, almost
Biblical, competitive tale in which the righteous son speaks in the voice
of “true science.”
-
The
book generated extensive critiques by historians,
social scientists and journalists. In the collection of reviews, arguments, historical background
and critiques of the work published in 1995, there are detailed criticisms
against each aspect of the argument,
evidence and research presented by Herrnstein and Murray.
-
It
is even more troubling to geneticists that there is no consensus within science
as to what race is, how it should be
used, or its utility for predicting health outcomes in individuals.
-
It
is time for geneticists and biomedical researchers to directly confront the methodological limitations, errors and
uncertainties in the way they use race constructs in their research designs
and statistical analyses.
-
Can
genetic research tell us who we really
are, where we come from, who we are related to, or why we get sick without
resorting to concepts of race that confound and distort these very questions?
Distinctio
-
They
have characterized those ascribing to the view that race is socially
constructed as “race deniers”—people who
refuse to acknowledge what any child can see— […].
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The
same is true of disease. If the incidence of disease differs by race
and if race is biological, then we must use race to explore the cause and
treatment of disease.
-
The project called “The Genographic
Project” is a joint venture […].
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